Annual Financial Statements

Company financial statements

Notes to the company annual financial statements

Figures in million20082007
 SA Rands

1 REVENUE

  
Revenue consists of the following principal categories:  
Gold income12,6529,971
By-products (note 2)144160
Dividends received from subsidiaries (note 29)538376
Dividend received from other investments (note 29)16
Interest received (note 29)  
– loans and receivables417
– cash and cash equivalents278129
 13,61610,669

2 COST OF SALES

  
Cash operating costs (1)6,3225,733
By-products (note 1)(144)(160)
 6,1785,573
Other cash costs3429
Total cash costs6,2125,602
Retrenchment costs (note 7)7234
Rehabilitation and other non-cash costs9856
Production costs6,3825,692
Amortisation of tangible assets (notes 6, 9 and 29)1,9031,806
Total production costs8,2857,498
Inventory change1130
 8,2967,528
(1)Cash operating costs comprises:  
– salaries and wages3,3792,960
– stores and other consumables1,6031,364
– fuel, power and water775666
– contractors103117
– services and other charges462626
 6,3225,733

3 OTHER OPERATING (INCOME) EXPENSE

  
Pension and medical defined benefit provisions(9)19

4 OPERATING SPECIAL ITEMS

  
Impairment net of reversals of tangible assets (note 9)136
ESOP costs resulting from rights offer (group note 11)76
Loss (profit) on disposal and derecognition of land, mineral rights and tangible assets53(72)
Loss on disposal of investment38
Profit on disposal of investment in Nufcor International Limited (1)(364)
Insurance claim recovery(28)
Recovery of exploration costs(7)
 (89)(79)

(1) On 27 June 2008, AngloGold Ashanti Limited sold its 50% interest in Nufcor International Limited, a London-based uranium marketing, trading and advisory business to Constellation Energy Commodities Group for net proceeds of R382m and realised a profit of R364m.

Figures in million20082007
 SA Rands

5 FINANCE COSTS AND UNWINDING OF OBLIGATIONS

  
Finance costs on corporatebond(1)141214
Finance lease charges2516
Other612
 172242
Amounts capitalised (note 9)(38)(51)
 134191
Unwinding of decommissioning obligation (note 24)4152
Unwinding of restoration obligation (note 24)1714
(note 29)192257
(1) Finance costs have been determined using the effective interest rate method.  
   

6 PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION

  
Profit before taxation is arrived at after taking account of:  
Auditors' remuneration  
– audit fees3224
– (Over) under provision prior year(1)18
– other assurance services1110
 4252
Amortisation of tangible assets  
– owned assets1,8871,795
– leased assets1611
(notes 2, 9 and 29)1,9031,806
Grants for educational and community development2422
Operating lease charges111271

7 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

  
Employee benefits including executive directors' salaries and other benefits4,1583,625
Health care and medical scheme costs  
– current medical expenses326313
– defined benefit post-retirement medical expenses9592
Pension and provident plan costs  
– defined contribution263228
– defined benefit pension plan(26)(20)
Retrenchment costs (note 2)7234
Share-based payment expense (1)270216
Included in cost of sales, other operating expenses, operating special items and corporate   
administration and other expenses5,1584,488
Actuarial defined benefit plan expense analysis  
Defined benefit post-retirement medical  
– current service cost66
– interest cost8986
 9592
Defined benefit pension plan  
– current service cost4947
– interest cost139124
– expected return on plan assets(214)(191)
 (26)(20)
Actual return on plan assets  
– South Africa defined benefit pension plan(61)185
Refer to the Remuneration report for details of directors' emoluments  
(1) Details of the equity-settled share-based payment arrangements of the group have been
disclosed in group note 11. These arrangements consist of awards by the company to
employees of various group companies. The income statement expense of R270m
(2007: R216m) for the company is only in respect of awards made to employees of the
company.
  

8 TAXATION

  
Current taxation  
Mining tax (1)371
Non-mining tax (2)31175
Under provision prior year4347
(note 28)74593
Deferred taxation  
Temporary differences (1)(159)281
Unrealised non-hedge derivatives and other commodity contracts841(634)
Change in estimated deferred tax rate (3)6257
Change in statutory tax rate (4)(70)
(note 26)674(296)
 748297

Tax reconciliation

A reconciliation of the effective tax rate charged in the income statement to the prevailing mining and non-mining tax rate is set out in the following table:

 %
2008
%
2007
Effective tax rate3537
Disallowable items56
Dividends received(9)(21)
Taxable items not forming part of the income statement2
Impact of prior year under provisions27
Change in estimated deferred tax rate (3)38
Change in statutory tax rate (4)(3)
Other23
Estimated corporate tax rate (4)3542

(1) Included in mining tax is taxation on the disposal of tangible assets of nil (2007: R21m) and included in temporary differences is a tax credit of R75m (2007: tax charge R6m). There is no mining tax charge in 2008 as the mining income was primarily offset by the non-mining losses from the accelerated non-hedge derivative close-outs.

(2) In South Africa the non-mining income is taxed at the higher non-mining tax rate of 35% (2007: 37%) as the company has elected to be exempt from STC. Companies who elected to be subject to STC are taxed at the lower company tax rate of 28% (2007: 29%) for non-mining taxation purposes.

(3) The mining operations are taxed on a variable rate that increases as profitability increases. The tax rate used to calculate deferred tax is based on the company's current estimate of future profitability when temporary differences will reverse. Depending on the profitability of the operations, the tax rate can consequently be significantly different from year to year. The change in the estimated deferred tax rate at which the temporary differences will reverse amounts to R62m (2007: R57m).

(4) Mining tax on mining income in South Africa is determined according to a formula based on profit and revenue from mining operations. The company has elected to be exempt from STC and is taxed at a higher rate of company tax for mining and non-mining income tax purposes.

All mining capital expenditure is deducted to the extent that it does not result in an assessed loss and depreciation is ignored when calculating the South African mining income. Capital expenditure not deducted from mining income is carried forward as unredeemed capital to be deducted from future mining income. South Africa operates under two tax paying operations, Vaal River Operation and West Wits Operation. Under ring-fencing legislation, each operation is treated separately and deductions can only be utilised against income generated by the relevant tax operation.

The formula for determining the South African mining tax rate is:
Y = 43 – 215/X (2007: Y = 45 – 225/X)
where Y is the percentage rate of tax payable and X is the ratio of mining profit net of any redeemable capital expenditure to mining
revenue expressed as a percentage.
The maximum statutory mining tax rate is 43% (2007: 45%), non-mining statutory tax rate 35% (2007: 37%) and statutory
company tax rate 28% (2007: 29%).

9 TANGIBLE ASSETS

Figures in millionMine
development
costs
Mine
infra-
structure
Mineral
rights
and dumps
Land
and
buildings
Total
SA Rands     
Cost     
Balance at 1 January 200716,8654,4615451621,887
Additions     
– project expenditure46640506
– stay-in-business expenditure1,7323142502,296
Disposals(4)(16)(1)(21)
Transfers and other movements(1)(136)(103)(239)
Finance costs capitalised (note 5)5151
Balance at 31 December 200718,9744,69654526524,480
Accumulated amortisation     
Balance at 1 January 20076,7312,50516619,403
Amortisation for the year (notes 2,6 and 29)1,60016728111,806
Disposals(2)(3)(5)
Transfers and other movements (1)(96)75(21)
Balance at 31 December 20078,2332,7441941211,183
Net book value at 31 December 200710,7411,95235125313,297
Cost     
Balance at 1 January 200818,9744,69654526524,480
Additions     
– project expenditure55919578
– stay-in-business expenditure1,9512402,191
Disposals(2)(2)
Transfers and other movements (1)(56)(1,017)156(917)
Finance costs capitalised(note 5)3838
Balance at 31 December 200821,4663,93670126526,368
Accumulated amortisation     
Balance at 1 January 20088,2332,7441941211,183
Amortisation for the year (notes 2, 6 and 29)1,70215925171,903
Impairment (2)159159
Impairment reversal (2)(23)(23)
Transfers and other movements(1)(29)(894)56(867)
Balance at 31 December 200810,0422,0092752912,355
Net book value at 31 December 200811,4241,92742623614,013

Included in land and buildings are assets held under finance leases with a net book value of R218m (2007: R235m).

The capitalisation rate used to determine the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation is 10.65% (2007: 10.65%).

A register containing details of properties is available for inspection by shareholders or their duly authorised agents during business hours at the registered office of the company.

(1) Transfers and other movements comprise amounts from changes in estimates of decommissioning assets and asset reclassifications within the note and to assets held for sale.

Figures in million20082007
 SA Rands

9 TANGIBLE ASSETS (CONTINUED)

  
(2) Impairments and impairment reversals include the following:  
Below 120 level at TauTona – mine development costs159
Due to a change in the mine plan resulting from safety elated concerns, a portion of the below
120 level development has been abandoned and will not generate future cash flows.
  
East of Bank Dyke at TauTona – mine development cost(23)
Due to a re-assessment in mine plan, the East of Bank Dyke access
development has become economically viable based on the increased gold price
and will generate future cash flows, as a result the impairment raised
during 2005 has been partially reversed.
  
(Note 4)136
The impairment calculation methodology is included in group note 16.  

10 INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATES

  
The company has a 25%(2007:25%) interest in Oro Group (Pty) Limited which is involved in
the manufacture and wholesale of jewellery. The year-end of Oro Group (Pty)
Limited is 31 March.
  
   
The company has a 33.3% (2007:33.3%)interestinthe not-for-profit Margaret Water  
Company which is involved in the pumping of underground water in the  Vaal River Region. The   
year end of Margaret Water Company is 31 March.  
   
The carrying value of the associates consist of:  
Unlisted shares at cost less impairments1515
Loans advanced (1)1515
 3030
Directors' valuation of the unlisted associates3030
   
(1) The Oro loan bears interest at a rate determined by the Oro Group (Pty) Limited's board
of directors and is repayable at their discretion.
  
   
Summarised financial information of associates is as follows (not attributable):  
Balance sheet  
Non-current assets7363
Current assets348284
Total assets421347
Non-current liabilities9599
Current liabilities207145
Total liabilities302244
Net assets119103
Income statement  
Revenue475495
Costs and expenses(451)(481)
Taxation(8)(5)
Profit after taxation169

11 INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES

  
Shares at cost:  
Advanced Mining Software Limited22
AGRe Insurance Company Limited1414
AngloGold Ashanti Americas Investments Limited849849
AngloGold Ashanti USA Incorporated2,7221,852
AngloGold Ashanti Holdings plc23,95313,823
AngloGold Namibia (Pty) Limited51
AngloGold Offshore Investments Limited327313
Eastvaal Gold Holdings Limited917917
Nuclear Fuels Corporation of SA (Pty) Limited77
Rand Refinery Limited (1)116116
Xinjiang Yunhai Mining Company Limited107
Gansu Jinchanggou Mining Company Limited15
 28,98317,900
 (1)The statutory year-end of Rand Refinery Limited is 30 September. The management
accounts of Rand Refinery Limited have been included in the group’s results for the year
ended 31 December 2008.
  
In terms of IAS 27, the Environmental Rehabilitation Trust Fund is deemed to be a subsidiary
(note 15).
  

12 INVESTMENT IN JOINT VENTURE

  
Nufcor International Limited18
On 27 June 2008, AngloGold Ashanti Limited sold its 50% interest in Nufcor International
Limited to Constellation Energy Commodities Group.
  

13 OTHER INVESTMENTS

  
Unlisted investments  
Available-for-sale  
Balance at beginning of year (1)22
Balance at end of year22
   
Available-for-sale unlisted investments consist primarily of the Chamber of Mines Building
Company Limited
  
Held-to-maturity  
Balance at beginning of year1414
Balance at end of year1414
Total other investments (note 32)1616
Directors' valuation of unlisted investments1616
The investment held-to-maturity consists of the Gold of Africa Museum.  
(1) There is no active market for the unlisted equity investments and fair value cannot be
reliably measured. The unlisted equity investments are carried at cost. The company does
not intend to sell the investments in the foreseeable future.
  

14 INVENTORIES

  
Work in progress  
– gold in process277240
Finished goods  
– gold doré/bullion415
– by-products20268
Total metal inventories483323
Mine operating supplies186153
 669476
The amount of the write-down of by-products, gold in process and gold on hand to net
realisable value, and recognised as an expense is nil (2007: R139m). This expense is included
in cost of sales which is disclosed in note 2.
  

15 INVESTMENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL REHABILITATION TRUST FUND

  
Balance at beginning of year294309
Contributions5
Rehabilitation expenditure reclaimed(20)
Balance at end of year294294
The fund is managed by Rand Merchant Bank and mainly invested in government long bonds
and other fixed-term deposits.
  

16 INTRA-GROUP BALANCES

  
Advanced Mining Software Limited(18)(6)
AngloGold Ashanti Americas Investments Limited(66)(48)
AngloGold Ashanti Australia Limited124
AngloGold Ashanti Brasil Mineração Ltda219
AngloGold Ashanti (Ghana) Limited10923
AngloGold Ashanti Health (Pty) Limited2229
AngloGold Ashanti Holdings plc(709)(511)
AngloGold Ashanti (Iduapriem) Limited173
AngloGold Ashanti North America Inc132
AngloGold Namibia (Pty) Limited41
AngloGold Offshore Investments Limited(6)
AngloGold South America Limited(256)(184)
Ashanti Goldfields Kilo Scarl96
Cerro Vanguardia S.A.21
Eastvaal Gold Holdings Limited(606)(604)
Erongo Holdings Limited(13)
Gansu Jinchanggou Mining Company Limited(5)
Geita Gold Mining Limited4111
Masakhisane Investment Limited15
Mineração Serra Grande S.A.3
Nuclear Fuels Corporation of SA (Pty) Limited58(44)
Societé Ashanti Goldfields de Guinée S.A.3821
Société d’Exploitation des Mines d’or de Sadiola S.A.2
 (1,317)(1,292)
Included on the balance sheet as follows:  
Non-current assets388198
Non-current liabilities(1,705)(1,490)
 (1,317)(1,292)
During 2008, loans to the joint ventures of R3m (2007: R2m) were reallocated to trade and other receivables (note 18).  
Figures in million20082007
 SA Rands

17 OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS

  
AngloGold Ashanti Pension Fund (note 25)244
Loans and receivables  
Loan repayable between 31 December 2009 and 31 December 2011 bearing interest at
3% per annum
74
Other non-interest bearing loans and receivables – repayable on various dates32
 10250

18 TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

  
Non-current  
Other debtors 140
Amounts due from related parties (note 16)32
 1432
Current  
Trade debtors2420
Prepayments and accrued income19285
Interest receivable107
Recoverable tax, rebates, levies and duties 72115
Amounts due from related parties4043
Other debtors4826
 386296
Total trade and other receivables529298
Current trade debtors are non-interest bearing and are generally on terms less than 90 days.  

19 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

  
Cash and deposits on call 528783
Money market instruments930500
(note 32)1,4581,283

20 NON-CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE

  
Effective 30 June 2005, the investment in the Weltevreden mining rights was classified as held
for sale. This investment was previously recognised as a tangible asset. A sale agreement was
concluded subject to conditions precedent to sell Weltevreden's rights to Aflease Gold on
15 June 2005. On 19 December 2005, Aflease was acquired by SXR Uranium One (formerly
Southern Cross Inc.) and the sale agreement was amended to recognise this change. During
the quarter ended 30 June 2008, the investment in the Weltevreden mining rights with a net
book value of R100m (2007: R100m) was reclassified from assets held for sale to tangible
assets held for use because the conditions precedent in the sale agreement were not fulfilled
and AngloGold Ashanti had no current prospective buyers to complete negotiations within
a 12-month period.
100

21 SHARE CAPITAL AND PREMIUM

  
Share capital  
Authorised  
400,000,000 ordinary shares of 25 SA cents each 100100
4,280,000 E ordinary shares of 25 SA cents each 11
2,000,000 A redeemable preference shares of 50 SA cents each11
5,000,000 B redeemable preference shares of 1 SA cent each
 102102
Issued and fully paid  
353,483,410 (2007: 277,457,471) ordinary shares of 25 SA cents each 8869
3,966,941 (2007: 4,140,230) E ordinary shares of 25 SA cents each 11
2,000,000 (2007: 2,000,000) A redeemable preference shares of 50 SA cents each 11
778,896 (2007: 778,896) B redeemable preference shares of 1 SA cent each –
 9071
Share premium  
Balance at beginning of year 23,25322,976
Ordinary shares issued14,927283
E ordinary shares cancelled (22)(6)
Balance at end of year38,15823,253
Share capital and premium 38,24823,324

The rights and restrictions applicable to the A and B redeemable preference shares.

A redeemable preference shares are entitled to:

  • an annual dividend, after payment in full of the annual dividend on the B preference shares, equivalent to the balance of after tax profits from mining the Moab Mining Right Area; and
  • on redemption, the nominal value of the shares and a premium per share equal to the balance of the net proceeds from disposal of assets relating to the Moab Mining Right Area, after redemption in full of the B preference shares payments of the nominal value of the A preference shares.

B redeemable preference shares are entitled to:

  • an annual dividend limited to a maximum of 5% of their issue price from the period that profits are generated from the Moab Mining Right Area; and
  • on redemption, the nominal value of the shares and a premium of up to R249.99 per share provided by the net proceeds from disposal of the assets relating to the Moab Mining Right Area.

The Moab Mining Right Area consists of the Moab Khotsong mine operations.

The B preference shares will only be redeemable from any net proceeds remaining after the disposal of assets (Moab Mining Right Area) following permanent cessation of mining activities. The maximum redemption price will be R250 per share.

In the event of any surplus remaining after the redemption in full of the B preference shares, the A preference shares will be redeemable at such value as would cover the outstanding surplus.

22 RETAINED EARNINGS AND OTHER RESERVES

Figures in millionRetained
earnings
Non-
distributable
reserves (1)
Actuarial
gains
(losses)
Other
com-
prehensive
income(2)
Total
SA Rands      
Balance at December 2006(3,610)141(51)(1,014)(4,534)
Actuarial loss recognised  (95) (95)
Net loss on cash flow hedges removed     
from equity and reported in gold sales   649649
Net loss on cash flow hedges   (695)(695)
Hedge ineffectiveness   3131
Share-based payment for  share awards   222222
Deferred issuance cost from ESOP Share     
Trust establishment   (22)(22)
Deferred taxation on items above  35(1)34
Profit for the year413   413
Dividends (group note 15)(919)   (919)
Preference dividends(31)   (31)
      
Balance at December 2007(4,147)141(111)(830)(4,947)
Actuarial loss recognised  (347) (347)
Net loss on cash flow hedges removed     
from equity and reported in gold sales   1,0091,009
Net loss on cash flow hedges   (596)(596)
Hedge ineffectiveness   2020
Share-based payment for share awards   157157
Deferred taxation on items above (note 26)  123(190)(67)
Profit for the year1,613   1,613
Dividends (group note 15)(324)   (324)
Preference dividends(376)   (376)
      
Balance at December 2008(3,234)141(335)(430)(3,858)

(1) Non-distributable reserves comprise a surplus on disposal of company shares of R141m (2007: R141m).

(2) Other comprehensive income represents the effective portion of fair value gains or losses in respect of cash flow hedges until the underlying transaction occurs, upon which the gains or losses are recognised in earnings and the equity item for share-based payments.

Figures in million20082007
 SA Rands 

23 BORROWINGS

  
Unsecured  
Corporate Bond (1)2,070
Semi-annual coupons were paid at 10.5%per annum. The bond was repaid on 28 August  
2008 and was rand-based.  
   
Secured  
Finance leases  
Turbine Square Two (Proprietary) Limited254249
The leases are capitalised at an implied interest rate of 9.8%per annum. Lease payments are  
due in monthly instalments terminating in March 2022 and are rand-based. The buildings  
financed are used as security for these loans.  
   
Vehicle leases11
Interest is charged at a rate of 15.5%per annum. Loans are repayable in monthly instalments
terminating in February 2011 and are rand-based. The vehicles financed are used as security
for these loans.
  
Total borrowings (note 32)2552,320
Current portion of borrowings included in current liabilities(2)(2,072)
Total long-term borrowings253248
Amounts falling due  
Within one year22,072
Between two and five years10783
After five years146165
(note 32)2552,320
Undrawn facilities  
There were no undrawn borrowing facilities as at 31 December 2008 (2007:nil).  
(1) Corporate Bond  
Senior unsecured fixed-rate bond2,000
Unamortised discount and bond issue costs(3)
 1,997
Accrued interest73
 2,070

24 ENVIRONMENTAL REHABILITATION PROVISIONS

  
Provision for decommissioning  
Balance at beginning of year493642
Change in estimates (1)(75)(198)
Unwinding of decommissioning obligation (note 5)4152
Utilised during the year(2)(3)
Balance at end of year457493
Provision for restoration  
Balance at beginning of year389445
Charge to income statement7225
Change in estimates(1)(19)(17)
Unwinding of restoration obligation (note 5)1714
Utilised during the year(19)(78)
Balance at end of year440389
Total environmental rehabilitation provisions897882
(1) The change in estimates relates to changes in laws and regulations governing the
protection of the environment and factors relative to rehabilitation estimates and a change
in the quantities of material in reserves and a corresponding change in the life of mine plan.
These provisions are expected to unwind beyond the end of the life of mine.
  

25 PROVISION FOR PENSION AND POST-RETIREMENT BENEFITS

  
Defined benefit plans  
The company has made provision for pension, provident and medical schemes covering
substantially all employees. The retirement schemes consist of the following:
  
AngloGold Ashanti Limited Pension Fund (asset) (group note 30)100244
Post-retirement medical scheme for AngloGold Ashanti Limited's South African employees
(group note 30)
1,0701,121
Transferred to other non-current assets (note 17)1,170877
AngloGold Ashanti Limited Pension Fund244
 1,1701,121

26 DEFERRED TAXATION

  
Deferred taxation relating to temporary differences is made up as follows:  
Liabilities  
   Tangible assets4,9654,940
   Inventories10392
   Other410
 5,0725,042
Assets  
   Provisions790671
   Derivatives1,2202,359
   Tax losses34013
   Other98111
 2,4483,154
Net deferred taxation liability2,6241,888
   
The movement on the deferred tax balance is as follows:  
Balance at beginning of year1,8882,197
Income statement charge (note 8)674(29)
Discontinued operations (group note 13)(5)21
Taxation on cash flow hedges and hedge ineffectiveness (note 22)178(5)
Taxation on actuarial gain (note 22)(123)(35)
Taxation on cost of ESOP Share Trust establishment (note 22)126
Balance at end of year2,6241,888

27 TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES

  
Trade creditors540588
Accruals702647
Unearned premiums on normal sale exempted contracts234225
 1,4761,460
Trade and other payables are non-interest bearing and are normally settled within 60 days.  

28 TAXATION

  
Balance at beginning of year591561
Payments during the year(53)(565)
Provisions during the year (note 8)74593
Discontinued operations (group note 13)172
Balance at end of year629591

29 CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS

  
Profit before taxation2,163703
Adjusted for:  
Movement on non-hedge derivatives and other commodity contracts  
Amortisation of tangible assets (notes 2, 6 and 9)1,5111,616
Finance costs and unwinding of obligations (note 5)1,9031,806
Interest receivable (note 1)192257
Dividends receivable from other investments and subsidiaries (note 1)(282)(146)
Operating special items(538)(392)
Environmental rehabilitation and other expenditure(89)(72)
Foreign currency translation on intergroup loans35(29)
Other non-cash movements289(22)
Movements in working capital157213
 (87)54
 5,2543,988
Movements in working capital:  
Increase in inventories(193)(68)
Increase in trade and other receivables(57)(65)
Increase in trade and other payables163187
 (87)54

30 RELATED PARTIES

  
Material related party transactions were as follows:  
Sales and services rendered to related parties  
Joint ventures95104
Associates5
Subsidiaries346264
   
Purchases and services acquired from related parties  
Associates15
Subsidiaries334302
Outstanding balances arising from sale of goods and services and other loans due
by related parties
  
Joint ventures3537
Associates2221
Subsidiaries373181
Outstanding balances arising from purchases of goods and services and other loans
owed to related parties
  
Subsidiaries1,7051,490

Amounts owed to related parties are unsecured and non-interest bearing.

Management fees, royalties, interest and net dividends from subsidiaries amounts to R174m (2007: R342m). This consists mainly of dividends received from AngloGold Ashanti Offshore Investments Limited of R102m. In 2007, dividends of R326m were received from AngloGold Ashanti Holdings plc.

The group has refining arrangements with various refineries around the world including Rand Refinery Limited (Rand Refinery) in which it holds a 53% interest. Rand Refinery refines all of the group’s South African gold production and some of the group’s African (excluding South Africa) gold production. Rand Refinery charges AngloGold Ashanti a refining fee.

Figures in million20082007
 SA Rands
Doubtful debts expensed during the year amounted to R12m (2007: R4m).  
   
Details of guarantees to associates are included in note 31.  
   
Directors and other key management personnel  
Details relating to directors' emoluments and shareholdings in the company are disclosed in
the Remuneration and Directors' reports.
  
   
Compensation to key management personnel included the following:  
– short-term employee benefits79133
– post-employment benefits28
– share-based payments354
 84195

31 CONTRACTUAL COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

  
Operating leases  
At 31 December 2008, the company was committed to making the following payments in respect of operating leases for among others, hire of plant and equipment and land and buildings. Certain contracts contain renewal options and escalation clauses for various periods of time.  
Expiry:  
– within one year12744
– between one and two years17
Finance leases

The company has finance leases for buildings and motor vehicles. The building leases have terms of renewal but no purchase options and escalation clauses. The motor vehicle leases have no purchase option and have escalation clauses. Renewals are at the option of the lessee. Future minimum lease payments under finance lease contracts together with the present value of the net minimum lease payments are as follows:

 Minimum
payments
Present
value of
payments
 2008
Within one year2525
Within one year but not more than five years2625
More than five years467208
Total minimum lease payments518258
Amounts representing finance charges(260)
Present value of minimum lease payments258258

 Minimum
payments
Present
value of
payments
 2007
Within one year202
Within one year but not more than five years1014
More than five years411244
Total minimum lease payments532250
Amounts representing finance charges(282)
Present value of minimum lease payments250250

Figures in million20082007
 SA Rands
Capital commitments  
Acquisition of tangible assets  
Contracted for254428
Not contracted for5,2014,916
Authorised by the directors5,4555,344
Allocated to:  
Project expenditure  
– within one year1,646667
– thereafter6582,120
Stay-in-business expenditure2,3042,787
– within one year2,7422,279
– thereafter409278
 3,1512,557
Purchase obligations  
Contracted for  
– within one year87261

Purchase obligations represent contractual obligations for the purchase of mining contract services, supplies, consumables, inventories, explosives and activated carbon.

To service these capital commitments, purchase obligations and other operational requirements, the company is dependent on existing cash resources, cash generated from operations and borrowing facilities.

Cash generated from operations is subject to operational, market and other risks. Distributions from operations may be subject to foreign investment, exchange control laws and regulations and the quantity of foreign exchange available in offshore countries. In addition, distributions from joint ventures are subject to the relevant board approval.

The credit facilities and other finance arrangements contain financial covenants and other similar undertakings. To the extent that external borrowings are required, the company's covenant performance indicates that existing financing facilities will be available to meet the commitments detailed above. To the extent that any of the financing facilities mature in the near future, the company believes that sufficient measures are in place to ensure that these facilities can be refinanced.

Figures in millionContingency
or guarantee
Liabilities
included on
balance
sheet
2008
Contingency
or guarantee
Liabilities
included on
balance
sheet
2007
SA Rands     
Contingent liabilities    
Groundwater pollution – South Africa(1)
Deep groundwater pollution – South Africa (2)
Soil and Sediment pollution – South Africa(3)
     
Guarantees    
Financial guarantees    
Convertible bond (4)9,4556,810
Syndicated loan facility (5)613,55692
Oro Africa (6)100100
Hedging guarantees(7)    
Geita Management Company (8)3,1293,539
Ashanti Treasury Services (9)9,33510,176
AngloGold South America (10)1,1421,501
AngloGold (USA) Trading Company (10)1,6672,610
Cerro Vanguardia S.A. (10)267542
 25,0956128,83492

(1) AngloGold Ashanti Limited has identified a number of groundwater pollution sites at its current operations in South Africa and has investigated a number of different technologies and methodologies that could possibly be used to remediate the groundwater pollution. The geology of the area is typified by a dolomite rock formation that is prone to solution cavities. Polluted process water from the operations has percolated from pollution sources to this rock formation and has been transported three dimensionally, creating pollution plumes in the dolomite aquifer. Numerous scientific, technical and legal reports have been produced and the remedying of the polluted soil and groundwater is the subject of a continued research programme between the University of the Witwatersrand and AngloGold Ashanti. Subject to the technology being developed as a proven remediation technique, no reliable estimate can be made for the obligation.

(2) AngloGold Ashanti has identified a flooding and future pollution risk posed by deep groundwater, due to the interconnected nature of operations in the West Wits and Vaal River operations. AngloGold Ashanti is involved in Task Teams and other structures to find long term sustainable solutions for this risk, together with industry partners and government. There is too little foundation for the accurate estimate of a liability and thus no reliable estimate can be made for the obligation.

(3) AngloGold Ashanti identified offsite pollution impacts in the West Wits Area. This can be attributed to a long period of gold and uranium mining activity by a number of mining companies, as well as millennia of weathering of natural reef outcrops in the catchment areas. Investigations are underway to confirm, quantify and, if necessary, address these impacts. It is however too early in the process to make an estimate of the liability.

(4) The company has guaranteed all payments and other obligations of AngloGold Ashanti Holdings plc regarding the convertible bonds issued during 2004, with a maturity date of 27 February 2009, and a fixed coupon of 2.375% payable semi-annually. The bonds issued amounted to $1,000m, R9,455m. The company obligations regarding the guarantee will be direct, unconditional and unsubordinated.

(5) The company has guaranteed all payments and other obligations of the wholly owned subsidiaries AngloGold Ashanti Holdings plc, AngloGold Ashanti Australia Limited and AngloGold Ashanti USA Inc. regarding the $1,150m syndicated loan facility.

(6) The company has provided surety in favour of the lender in respect of gold loan facilities with two wholly owned subsidiaries of Oro Group (Proprietary) Limited, an associate of the company. The company has a total maximum liability, in terms of the suretyships, of R100m. The suretyship agreements have a termination notice period of 90 days.

(7) The difference between the amounts stated above under guarantees and contingencies, and liabilities included on balance sheet, is the NPSE hedges which are covered by guarantees but not included on the balance sheet. Included in amounts stated are NPSE accounted contracts fair valued at R6,326m (2007: R7,857m).

(8) The company, together with AngloGold Ashanti Holdings plc, has issued hedging guarantees to several counterparty banks in which they have guaranteed the due performance of the Geita Management Company Limited regarding its obligations under or pursuant to hedging arrangements entered into. Refer group note 36.

(9) The company, together with AngloGold Ashanti Holdings plc, has provided guarantees to several counterparty banks for the hedging commitment of Ashanti Treasury Services Limited. Refer group note 36.

(10) The group has issued gold delivery guarantees to several counterparty banks in which it guarantees the due performance of its subsidiaries AngloGold USA Trading Company, AngloGold South America Limited and Cerro Vanguardia S.A. under their respective gold hedging agreements.

32 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

In the normal course of its operations, the company is exposed to gold price, other commodity price, foreign exchange, interest rate, liquidity, equity price and credit risks. In order to manage these risks, the company may enter into transactions which make use of both on- and off-balance sheet derivatives. The company does not acquire, hold or issue derivatives for trading purposes. The company has developed a comprehensive risk management process to facilitate, control and monitor these risks. The board has approved and monitors this risk management process, inclusive of documented treasury policies, counterpart limits and controlling and reporting structures.

Controlling risk in the company

The Executive Committee and the Treasury Committee are responsible for risk management activities within the company. The Treasury Committee, chaired by the independent chairman of the AngloGold Ashanti Audit and Corporate Governance Committee, comprising executive members and treasury executives, reviews and recommends to the Executive Committee treasury counterparts, limits, instruments and hedge strategies. The treasurer is responsible for managing gold price, other commodity price, foreign exchange, interest rate, liquidity and credit risks. Within the treasury function, there is an independent risk function, which monitors adherence to treasury risk management policy and counterpart limits and provides regular and detailed management reports.

The financial risk management objectives of the company are defined as follows:

  • safeguarding the company's core earnings stream from its major assets through the effective control and management of gold price risk, other commodity risk, foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk;
  • effective and efficient usage of credit facilities in both the short and long term through the adoption of reliable liquidity management planning and procedures;
  • ensuring that investment and hedging transactions are undertaken with creditworthy counterparts; and
  • ensuring that all contracts and agreements related to risk management activities are coordinated, consistent throughout the company and comply where necessary with all relevant regulatory and statutory requirements.

Gold price, foreign exchange risk and cash flow hedging

Gold price risk arises from the risk of an adverse effect on current or future earnings resulting from fluctuations in the price of gold. The gold market is predominately priced in US dollars which exposes the company to the risk that fluctuations in the SA rand/US dollar exchange rate may also have an adverse effect on current or future earnings. The company is also exposed to certain byproduct commodity price risk.

A number of products, including derivatives, are used to manage the gold price and foreign exchange risks that arise out of the company's core business activities. Forward sales contracts and call and put options are used by the company to manage these risks. At year-end, the volume of outstanding forward sales contracts was nil (2007: 4,521kg). The volume of outstanding net call options sold was 60,761kg (2007: 104,437kg) and the volume of outstanding net put options sold was 11,182kg (2007: 21,167kg).

As the company does not enter into financial instruments for trading purposes, the risks inherent to financial instruments are always offset by the underlying risk being hedged. The company further manages such risks by ensuring that the level of hedge cover does not exceed the company life of mine and that no basis risk exists.

Cash flow hedges

The company's cash flow hedges consist of commodity and foreign exchange forward contracts that are used to protect against exposures to variability in future commodity and foreign exchange cash flows. The amounts and timing of future cash flows are projected for each portfolio of financial assets and liabilities on the basis of their contractual terms and other relevant factors, including estimates of prepayments and defaults. The aggregate principal cash flows across all portfolios over time form the basis for identifying gains and losses on the effective portions of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges of forecast transactions. Gains and losses are initially recognised directly in equity (other comprehensive income), and are transferred to earnings when the forecast transactions affect the income statement.

The cash flow hedge forecast transactions are expected to occur over the next two years, in line with the maturity dates of the hedging instruments and will affect profit and loss simultaneously in an equal and opposite way.

The gains and losses on ineffective portions of such derivatives are recognised immediately in the income statement. During the year to 31 December 2008, a loss of R20m (2007: R31m) was recognised in loss on non-hedge derivatives and other commodities in the income statement due to hedge ineffectiveness.

Non-hedge derivatives

Figures in million20082007
SA Rands
Loss on non-hedge derivatives and other commodity contracts is summarised as follows:  
Loss on non-hedge derivatives and other commodities(1,743)(1,308)
Unrealised gain on other commodity physical borrowings7423
Provision reversed for loss on future deliveries and other commodities3780
Loss on non-hedge derivatives and other commodity contracts per the income statement(1,632)(1,205)

The loss on non-hedge derivatives and other commodity contracts was R1,632m in 2008 compared to a loss of R1,205m in the previous year. The loss is as a result of the revaluation of non-hedge derivatives resulting from changes in the prevailing spot gold price, exchange rates, interest rates, volatilities and credit risk compared to the previous year. The realised loss as a result of accelerated settlement of non-hedge derivatives was R3,882m in 2008 and is due to the hedge close-outs that were effected during the year.

Net open hedge position as at 31 December 2008

The marked-to-market value of all derivatives, irrespective of accounting designation, making up the hedge position was R8.03bn as at 31 December 2008 (as at 31 December 2007: R10.57bn). These values were based on a gold price of $872 per ounce, an exchange rate of $1 = R9.4550 and the prevailing market interest rates and volatilities at 31 December 2008. The values as at 31 December 2007 were based on a gold price of $836 per ounce, an exchange rate of $1 = R6.8104 and the market interest rates and volatilities prevailing at that date.

The company had the following net forward pricing commitments outstanding against future production.

Summary: All open contracts in the company's commodity hedge position as at 31 December 2008

Year2009201020112012 20132014-
2016
Total2007
US Dollar/Gold          
Forward contracts        
Amount (kg)(10,030) (1)(311) (1)7151,8821,8821,882(3,980) (1)3,588
$/oz$710$2,187$418$500$510$520$657($583) (2)
         
Put options sold        
Amount (kg)2,488 3,0481,8821,8821,88211,18221,167
$/oz$680 $533$430$440$450$519$ 528
         
Call options sold        
Amount (kg)12,75211,19719,1294,8996,3926,39260,76195,479
$/oz$410$369$458$536$546$559$458$439
Rand/Gold           
Forward contracts        
Amount (kg)(1,866) (1)     (1,866) (1)933
R/ kgR157,213     R157,213R116,335
         
Call options sold        
Amount (kg)      8,958
R/ kg       R216,522
         
Total net gold        
Delta (kg) (3)3(10,622)(17,644)(5,933)(7,163)(7,136)(48,495)(101,816)
Delta (oz) (3)106(341,502)(567,273)(190,753)(230,299)(229,421)(1,559,142)(3,273,420)

The open delta hedge position of the company at 31 December 2007 was 3.27Moz or 102t.

(1) Indicates a long position resulting from forward purchase contracts.

(2) Indicates a net short position where the contractual value of the total short position is less than the contractual value of the total long position.

(3) The delta of the hedge position indicated above, is the equivalent gold position that would have the same marked-to-market sensitivity for a small change in the gold price. This is calculated using the Black-Scholes option formula with the ruling market prices, interest rates and volatilities as at 31 December 2008.

Summary: All open contracts in the company’s currency hedge position as at 31 December 2008

Year2009201020112012 20132014-
2016
Total2007
Rand /US Dollar (000)
Forward contracts        
Amount ($)      35,000
R per $       R6.94
Put options purchased        
Amount ($)30,000     30,000120,000
R per $R11.56     R11.56R6.98
Put options sold        
Amount ($)50,000     50,000120,000
R per $R9.52     R9.52R6.98
Call options sold        
Amount ($)50,000     50,000 135,000
R per $R11.61     R11.61R7.35

The mix of hedging instruments, the volume of production hedged and the tenor of the hedging book is continually reviewed in the light of changes in operational forecasts, market conditions and the company's hedging policy.

Forward sales contracts require the future delivery of the underlying at a specified price.

A put option gives the put buyer the right, but not the obligation, to sell the underlying to the put seller at a predetermined price on a predetermined date.

A call option gives the call buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy the underlying from the call seller at a predetermined price on a predetermined date.

Interest rate and liquidity risk

Refer note 37 in the group financial statements.

The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities, including interest payments.

Non-derivative financial liabilities

  MillionWithin one year
Effective
rate
%
MillionBetween one
and two years
Effective
rate
%
MillionBetween two
and five years
Effective
rate
MillionGreater than
five years
Effective rate
%
2008Currency        
BorrowingsZAR2510.7259.9849.83839.8
Trade and other payablesZAR1,242    
2007Currency        
          
BorrowingsZAR2,22910.5229.9789.94119.8
Trade and other payablesZAR1,198    
 USD in ZAR equivalent37    

The following are the undiscounted forecast principal cash flows arising from all on balance sheet derivative contracts (cash flow hedges and non-hedges).

Derivative financial assets and (liabilities)

Figures in millionWithin
one
year
Between
one and
two years
Between
two
and five
years
After
five
years
Total
SA Rands     
At 31 December 2008     
Cash inflows from assets1,7353561302,221
Cash outflows from liabilities(1,052)(481)(2,844)(1,029)(5,406)
Net cash inflows (outflows)683(125)(2,714)(1,029)(3,185)
At 31 December 2007     
Cash inflows from assets811354981,263
Cash outflows from liabilities(1,377)(1,712)(2,975)(1,860)(7,924)
Net cash outflows(566)(1,358)(2,877)(1,860)(6,661)

Credit risk

Refer note 37 in the group financial statements.

The combined maximum credit risk exposure of the company is as follows:

Figures in million20082007
SA Rands
Foreign exchange option contracts5226
Forward sale commodity contracts2,1151,209
Forward foreign exchange contracts1
Gold interest rate swaps3
All derivatives2,1671,239
Other investments (note 13)1416
Other non-current assets106
Trade and other receivables43096
Cash restricted for use87
Cash and cash equivalents (note 19)1,4581,283
Total financial assets4,0872,647
Financial guarantees9,55510,466
Hedging guarantees9,21410,511
Total22,85623,624

The company has trade and other receivables that are past due totalling R130m and an impairment totalling R7m. Trade and other receivables mainly arise due to intergroup transactions. No impairment was recognised as the principal debtors continue to be in a sound financial position.

Fair value of financial instruments

The estimated fair values of financial instruments are determined at discrete points in time based on relevant market information. These estimates involve uncertainties and cannot be determined with precision. The estimated fair values of the company’s financial instruments as at 31 December 2008 are as follows:

Type of instrument
Figures in millionCarrying
amount
Fair
value
Carrying
amount
Fair
value
 20082007
Financial assets    
Other investments (note 13)16161616
Other non-current assets101066
Trade and other receivables4304309696
Cash restricted for use8877
Cash and cash equivalents (note 19)1,4581,4581,2831,283
Derivatives (4)2,1672,1671,2391,239
     
Financial liabilities    
Borrowings (note 23)2552552,3202,308
Trade and other payables1,2421,2421,2351,235
Derivatives (4)5,41910,4677,27712,099

(4) Carrying amounts represent on-balance sheet derivatives and fair value includes off-balance sheet normal sale exempted contracts.

The amounts in the tables above do not necessarily agree with the totals in the notes as only financial assets and financial liabilities are shown.

Fair value of financial instruments

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument:

Cash restricted for use, cash and cash equivalents and trade and other payables

The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short-term duration of these instruments.

Trade and other receivables

The fair value of the non-current portion of trade and other receivables has been calculated using market interest rates.

Investments and other non-current assets

Listed equity investments classified as available-for-sale are carried at fair value while fixed income investments and other noncurrent assets are carried at amortised cost. The fair value of fixed income investments and other non-current assets has been calculated using market interest rates.

Borrowings

The fair value of listed fixed rate debt is shown at its closing market value as at 31 December 2008. The remainder of debt re-prices on a short-term floating rate basis, and accordingly the carrying amount is considered to approximate fair value.

Derivatives

The fair values of derivatives are estimated based on the ruling market prices, volatilities, interest rates and credit risk as at 31 December 2008. The fair value amounts for derivatives include off balance sheet normal sale exempted contracts, which are not carried on the balance sheet and excluded from the carrying amount. All other derivatives on balance sheet are carried at fair value.

The company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing formula to value option contracts. One of the inputs into the model is the level of volatility. These volatility levels are themselves not exchange traded and are not observable generally in the market. The company uses volatility inputs supplied by leading market participants (international banks). The company believes that no other possible alternative would result in significantly different fair value estimations.

Derivative assets (liabilities) comprise the following:

 Assets Liabilities 
 Normal
sale
exempted
Cash flow
hedge
accounted
Non-
hedge
accounted
TotalNormal
sale
exempted
Cash flow
hedge
accounted
Non-
hedge
accounted
Total
Figures in million20082008
Commodity option        
contracts(5,048) (5)(3,224)(8,272)
Foreign exchange        
option contracts5252(38)(38)
Forward sale commodity        
contracts2,1152,115(909)(1,248)(2,157)
All derivatives2,1672,167(5,048)(909)(4,510)(10,467)

(5) Deliverable call options sold.

 Assets Liabilities 
 Normal
sale
exempted
Cash flow
hedge
accounted
Non-
hedge
accounted
TotalNormal
sale
exempted
Cash flow
hedge
accounted
Non-
hedge
accounted
Total
Figures in million20072007
Commodity option        
contracts(4,822)(5)(4,671)(9,493)
Foreign exchange option        
contracts2626(26)(26)
Forward sale commodity        
contracts211,1881,209(1,367)(1,208)(2,575)
Forward foreign exchange        
contracts11(1)(1)
Gold interest rate        
swaps33(4)(4)
All derivatives211,2181,239(4,822)(5)(1,367)(5,910)(12,099)

The derivative assets (liabilities) are stated after taking into consideration the impact of credit risk totalling R549m at 31 December 2008 (2007: nil).

(5) Deliverable call options sold.

Sensitivity analysis

Derivatives

A principal part of the company's management of risk is to monitor the sensitivity of derivative positions in the hedge book to changes in the underlying factors,viz. commodity price, foreign exchange rate and interest rates under varying scenarios.

The following table discloses the approximate sensitivities of the US dollars marked-to-market value of the hedge book to key underlying factors at 31 December 2008 (actual changes in the timing and amount of the following variables may differ from the assumed changes below).

The table sets out the impact on the marked-to-market value of the hedge book of an incremental parallel fall or rise in the respective yield curves at the beginning of each month, quarter or year (as is appropriate) from 1 January 2008. The yield curves match the maturity dates of the individual derivative positions in the hedge book. These figures incorporate the impact of any option features in the underlying exposures.

SA RandsChange in
rate(+)
Normal
sale
exempted
(million)
Cash flow
hedge
accounted
(million)
Non-hedge
accounted
(million)
Total
change in
fair value
(million)
Total
change in
fair value
(million)
   2008  2007
Currency (R/$)Spot(+1)(10)177(231)
Gold price ($/oz)Spot(+200)(1,977)(365)(622)(2,964)(4,458)
ZAR interest rate (%)IR(+1.5)(1)(1)(37)
SA RandsChange in
rate(-)
Normal
sale
exempted
(million)
Cash flow
hedge
accounted
(million)
Non-hedge
accounted
(million)
Total
change in
fair value
(million)
Total
change in
fair value
(million)
   2008  2007
Currency (R/$)Spot(-1)12(38)(26)197
Gold price ($/oz)Spot(+-200)1,930 3654492,7444,179
ZAR interest rate (%)IR(-1.5)1139

Interest rate risk on other financial assets and liabilities (excluding derivatives)

Refer note 37 in the group financial statements.

33 CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

Capital is managed on a group basis only and not on a company basis. Refer note 38 in the group financial statements.

34 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

AngloGold Ashanti to sell Tau Lekoa mine

On 17 February 2009, AngloGold Ashanti announced that it has agreed to sell with effect from 1 January 2010 (or after), the Tau Lekoa mine together with the adjacent Weltevreden and Goedgenoeg project areas to Simmer and Jack Mines Limited (Simmers) for an aggregate consideration of:

  • R600 million less an offset up to a maximum of R150 million for unhedged free cash flow(1) generated by the Tau Lekoa mine in the period between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2009 as well as an offset for unhedged free cash flow(1) generated by the Tau Lekoa mine in the period between 1 January 2010 and the effective date of the sale. Simmers shall endeavour to settle the full amount in cash, however it may issue to AngloGold Ashanti ordinary shares in Simmers up to a maximum value of R150 million with the remainder being payable in cash; and
  • a royalty (Royalty), determined at 3% of the net revenue (being gross revenue less state royalties) generated by the Tau Lekoa mine and any operations as developed at Weltevreden and Goedgenoeg. The Royalty will be payable quarterly for each quarter commencing from 1 January 2010 until the total production from the assets upon which the Royalty is paid is equal to 1.5 million ounces and provided that the

    average quarterly rand price of gold is equal to or exceeds R180,000/kg (in 1 January 2010 terms).

(1) Net cash inflow from operating activities less stay-in-business capital expenditure.

Next > Principal and operating subsidiariesNotes to the annual financial statements

ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI Annual Report 2008